The Domain Name System (DNS) is the backbone of the internet. It’s how we access websites using human-friendly domain names rather than complex numerical IP addresses. But behind the scenes, key entities—registrars, registries, and registrants—work together to keep everything running smoothly. Understanding each role and their relationship is important for anyone managing a domain or website. 

In this article, we’ll break down domain name registrar, registry, and registrant, highlight their differences, and discuss how they work together to ensure that the web remains organized, accessible, and functional.   

What is a domain registry, registrar, and registrant? 

The domain registry is in charge of managing domain names for specific top-level domains (TLDs), like .com or .org. They keep an eye on all the domain names registered under them. 

 When you register a domain through domain name registrars, it’s the registry that stores the domain in its database and hooks it up to the global DNS.   

The DNS is a translator that turns your domain name into an IP address. When someone types your domain name into their browser, DNS points them in the right direction by linking your domain to the corresponding IP address. 

What is a domain registrar? 

A domain registrar is an organization accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to sell domain names to the public. ICANN is an internet corporation that ensures registrars follow global standards for the domain name registration process, helping maintain the internet’s security and stability.   

Registrars protect user privacy and handle everything related to domain names, from registering and renewing to transferring them. They also offer services like DNS management, privacy protection, email setup, and domain locking. These services give domain owners (registrants) complete control over their domains while ensuring their online presence stays safe and functional.

What is a domain registrant?  

The registrant is the person or organization that buys and owns a domain name. When a registrant buys a domain through a registrar, they gain the right to use the domain for a specified period, usually a year.   

As the domain owner, the registrant has full control. They can update contact information, transfer the domain to another registrar, or even sell it they choose.  

In short, when you register a domain name, you become the “registrant.” 

Here is a table for a clear reference of their description and responsibilities. 

How the domain registration process works: registry, registrar, and registrant roles 

When you purchase a domain name, here’s how the process would work. 

1. Search for your domain. Begin by going to a domain registrar’s website and check if your desired domain name is available. During this step, you’ll also choose the right domain extensions, such as .com, .org, or others, based on your website’s purpose. 
2. Purchase the domain. If the domain is available, purchase it. This step officially begins the registration process, and you are now a registrant of the domain. 
3. Registrar submits registration to the registry.  After you purchase the domain, the registrar submits your registration details to the registry, which manages the domain extension (like VeriSign for .com). The registry then updates its database to reflect the new domain registration. This process ensures that your domain is officially recorded and linked to you as the registrant. 
4. Domain is registered. The registry processes the registration and confirms your domain is officially recorded. Once this is done, the domain is assigned to you, the registrant. At this point, you have control over the domain for the duration of your registration, typically one year. 
5. Manage your domain. As the registrant, you can now manage your domain by renewing it, transferring it, or modifying your domain settings (such as DNS records). Your registrar provides the platform for these tasks. 

Here’s a simple flowchart to visualize the process 

[Registrant] — (Buys domain) –> [Registrar] — (Registers domain) –> [Registry] 

Domain registrar vs resellers  

A domain registrar is an organization authorized by ICANN or a national authority to manage domain name reservations. They’re in charge of registering domain names, so you have full control. This means you can manage your DNS, renew your domain, and get help whenever you need it. 

On the other hand, domain resellers sell domain names on behalf of a registrar. They don’t have direct access, so for technical issues or updates, you’ll need to go through them. Resellers often combine domain names with hosting, making them a more affordable option. 

When choosing between a registrar and a reseller, think about control and support. Registrars give you direct access to the tools you need, and their support is usually faster and more reliable. Resellers might offer lower prices or extras, but since they rely on the registrar, their support can be slower. For businesses that need a reliable domain, going through a registrar is usually the way to go. 

It’s worth considering what matters most to you. If you want control and fast support, a registrar is a better choice. If you’re looking for a deal on hosting and domain names, a reseller might be the way to go. 

ICANN’s role in the domain name system 

ICANN is a nonprofit organization that manages the global DNS. Its primary role is to ensure the internet’s addressing system stays stable, secure, and operates smoothly. 

Aside from accrediting registrars, ICANN oversees how domain names and IP addresses are allocated worldwide. This helps maintain a fair and consistent process for distributing domain names, ensuring that no single entity, like a large company, dominates the space. Thanks to ICANN’s work, small businesses and individuals have an equal opportunity to register domain names. 

ICANN also establishes rules to prevent cybersquatting and domain speculation. These rules make domain registrations safer, more reliable, and protected against fraud and ownership disputes. 

Best practices for domain registrants 

Keep your contact information accurate 

Your contact information is the lifeline to your domain. If the registrar can’t reach you—whether due to an expired email address or incorrect phone number—you could lose control of your domain. This can happen if you miss renewal notices or are unable to verify your identity.  

Always ensure your contact details are up to date with your registrar to avoid losing access to your domain.  

Use domain privacy 

When you register a domain, your personal info, like name and address, goes public in the WHOIS database. This exposure can lead to unwanted solicitations or fraud. However, enabling domain privacy allows your registrar to substitute your details with generic info in the WHOIS database. This action protects your privacy, keeping scammers at bay and your personal information safe. 

Enable auto-renew 

Setting up auto-renewal means your domain will be renewed automatically, so you don’t have to worry about losing it when it expires. Auto-renewal is a solid safeguard, but adding domain expiration protection takes it a step further. This feature does a couple of things: it alerts you if your domain is about to expire because of a payment issue, and it automatically adds an extra year to your registration. Domain expiration protection keeps your site secure while you work on your payment issue. 

Lock your domain 

Domain locking is a must for anyone serious about domain security. When you lock your domain, it prevents unauthorized transfers to another registrar. If someone attempts to hijack your domain, they will not be able to move it elsewhere without your explicit permission.  

This is one of the simplest yet most effective ways to keep your domain protected from theft or accidental changes. Make it a habit to lock your domain once it’s registered. 

Get SSL certificates 

A SSL certificate helps keep your website secure by encrypting the data exchanged between your site and visitors. It protects sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, and personal data. Aside from protecting sensitive information, SSL certificates also boost your credibility. Without it, visitors will see a security warning in their browser, which could drive them away. 

Best practices for choosing domain registrars 

Compare pricing and services 

When choosing a registrar, pricing isn’t everything. While it’s tempting to go for the cheapest option, it’s essential to evaluate what’s included in the price. Make sure you’re getting the services you need—such as DNS management, business email setup, and domain privacy protection.  

Some registrars may offer tempting discounts upfront but end up charging high renewal fees. Compare the overall value to ensure you’re getting the features you need at a fair price. 

Check customer reviews and support 

Customer support can make or break your experience with a registrar. You want a company that’s easy to reach, responsive, and helpful when issues arise. Read through customer reviews, particularly focusing on how quickly and effectively they resolve problems.  

Poor customer service can lead to long delays, especially in urgent situations, so choose a registrar with a strong reputation for support that goes above and beyond. 

Ensure the registrar is ICANN-accredited 

ICANN is the governing body that oversees the process of global domain name registrations. Check that your chosen registrar is ICANN-accredited by visiting their official list of accredited registrars. 

This accreditation guarantees they meet industry standards and follow strict guidelines to ensure your domain is handled securely and properly.  

Without ICANN accreditation, you risk working with a less reliable registrar that might not adhere to the global standards you expect. 

Look into renewal policies and fees 

The initial price may be attractive, but what about renewal fees? Some registrars lure you in with a low starting cost, only to raise prices significantly after your first year. Be sure to read the fine print and understand the long-term costs.  

Also, check for hidden fees related to transfers or updates. A registrar with transparent pricing, including renewal rates, helps you avoid surprises down the line. 

Prioritize security features 

Your domain is valuable. So, choose a registrar that ensures security and has a domain locking to stop unauthorized transfers. Also, consider two-factor authentication (2FA) for added protection. These features prevent cyberattacks and keep you in control. 

Domain disputes and resolution 

Domain disputes can arise for various reasons, with cybersquatting and trademark conflicts being the most common.  

Cybersquatting happens when someone buys a domain name with the goal of selling it later for a higher price, often by using popular brand names or trademarks. Trademark conflicts occur when a domain name uses a registered trademark, causing confusion among consumers. 

To resolve these issues, organizations like WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) and USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) handle domain name disputes, often through the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP is a set of guidelines used by registrars to resolve disputes efficiently. 

The UDRP is a quick and affordable way to settle domain disputes without going to court. Trademark owners can file complaints with trusted providers, and if the panel agrees with them, they can transfer or cancel the domain. It’s a simple process that helps protect intellectual property and stop misuse. 

Essential domain security protocols you must follow 

Securing your domain is essential to protect your website from unauthorized access. Here are the top security protocols you should follow. 

Lock your domain  

Domain locking is a must to prevent unauthorized transfers. When your domain is locked, it can’t be moved to another registrar without your approval. This is a simple yet crucial step to protect your domain from theft or hijacking. 

Activate DNSSEC 

Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) safeguards your DNS query responses, making sure they’re genuine and not altered. By switching on DNSSEC, you get an extra layer of protection. This ensures visitors land on the right site, not a fake one that’s out to steal their info. 

Watch out for phishing 

Cybercriminals often use phishing to steal your domain credentials. To protect yourself, set up alerts with your registrar for any suspicious activity. This way, you can quickly spot phishing attempts or unauthorized logins before your security gets compromised. 

Get an SSL certificate 

An SSL certificate protects the data shared between your website and visitors by encrypting it, keeping sensitive information safe. It also boosts trust by showing a padlock symbol next to your URL, which lets users know your site is secure. This simple step can help improve your credibility and even boost your SEO ranking. 

Backup your website regularly 

Losing your website data can be disastrous, especially if your site is compromised. Regularly back up your website to ensure you have a copy of your content in case of an attack or server failure. A recent backup lets you restore your site quickly and minimize downtime.

Secure your site 

Having a secure website is essential against evolving cyber threats. Set up a firewall to block malicious traffic. Use SiteLock to scan for malware and vulnerabilities. Strengthen access with strong passwords and two-factor authentication (2FA).  

These measures ensure your site remains secure and protected from potential attacks. 

Keeping your website secure is essential to protect against cyber threats that are constantly evolving. Start by setting up a firewall to block harmful traffic and use tools like SiteLock to scan for malware and vulnerabilities. Ensure your accounts are protected with strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for an extra layer of security. 

These steps help ensure your site stays safe and protected from potential attacks. 

Simplify your domain management 

Understanding how registries, registrars, and registrants work is essential for managing your domain effectively. Stick to best practices for things like security, updates, and handling disputes to keep everything under control and your website safe. Choose the right registrar, keep your info up to date, and use security features to protect your site. 

These easy steps are all made simple with Web.com. With excellent support, great bundles, and solid security, it makes managing your domain a breeze. 

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)